Abdul Hamid II in Modern Arab Poetry: Example of Syrian Poetry

Özet

When we look at the world history, it is seen that people at all levels of societies are in communication and relationship with each other in some way, and there is a two-way relationship between praise and satire, especially between poets and thinkers and administrators and administrators. Ottoman Sultan Abdul Hamid II. It is known that Abdul Hamid (1842-1918) also found a place for himself in the works of poets and writers of his period, aside from his administration in the last periods of the Empire and his importance in terms of Turkish and world history. The aim of the research, in which the qualitative research method is used in general and supported by the literature review and sampling techniques, is to reveal of Syrian Arab poets’ perspective of on Abdul Hamid II and therefore on the Ottoman Empire in his eyes. As a result of the study, it was seen that while he was appreciated by some Syrian poets, he was vilified at a level that was overdone by others. Admirable Syrian poets, generally influenced by the caliphate bond, Abdul Hamid II. He clearly expressed the influence and praise of Abdul Hamid on Syria, and therefore the Ottoman Empire, through his poems. One of these poets and the Christian Mariana al-Marrash (1848-1919) took part in the first group, the Islamic unity against Western imperialism and colonialism and the caliphate represented by the Ottoman Empire in their poems, and in this context, Abdul Hamid II. It was seen that he was defending Abdul Hamid Khan. The opposing group, which included another Christian Syrian poet, Michael al-Saqqal (1852-1937), criticized the Ottoman state and therefore Abdul Hamid Khan with the motives of freedom and reaction, and even preferred to act with those who tried to dethrone him. In the aforementioned period, from the eyes of Syrian poets, Abdul Hamid II. It turns out that Abdul Hamid followed the political and social relations between Syria and the Ottoman administration within the framework of the concept of the Caliphate during his 33-year reign, and in fact, they shed light on the Syrian mentality of their period.